It's what people like us do - without concern for our personal safety, we race to the scene to assist survivors. We are hard wired to respond this way, and our response is instinctive. The instinct to run towards the fight, not away from it, is what makes you excel as a first responder - however it could also take your life.
My students often tell stories about the use secondary and tertiary devices in Iraq and Afghanistan. The insurgents set off the first Improvised Explosive Device (IED), then wait until other soldiers rush in and set off a second device, sometimes a third. But this is not a new tactic -- both international and domestic terrorists have employed it successfully for years. Here are just a few events that come to mind:
April, 2010 - AQ bombing in Algeria, secondary goes off 1 hour later killing a soldier
April, 2010 - Dagestan, train bombing, remotely detonated secondary targets first responders
March, 2010 - Dagestan, suicide bomber dressed in a police uniform approached investigators and residents who had gathered at the scene of a car bomb explosion near a school, detonates device
In 2009, many al Qaeda bombings in Algeria and Chechen-related attacks in Russia and the former Russian republics have incorporated the use of secondary devices.
Secondaries targeting responders in other notable attacks include the Jemmah Islamiyah bombing in Bali in 2002, an anti-American attack at the McDonalds in Lebanon in 2003, and the 2004 police station bombing in Athens by the Revolutionary Struggle group.
Domestic terrorists also use this technique. Almost every attack perpetrated by Eric Rudolph included a second device, specifically targeted towards emergency personnel. In the Atlanta abortion clinic bombing in 1997, a second device went off 1 hour and 37 minutes after the first, injuring 7 first responders.
The Hutaree Christian Militia was planning to kill a law enforcement officer, then ambush the funeral procession. If this plot had gone as planned, the secondary attack could have killed and injured hundreds.
Bottom line: YOU ARE A TARGETLouis R. Mizell, a terrorism expert and former U.S. intelligence agent for the State Department, has compiled a database of 300 double-bomb attacks by more than 50 terrorist groups in the world over the last 10 years.His advice: "the reality of today's double-bomb tactic dictates that first responders have three primary jobs at a site: attending to the wounded, dispersing the crowd, and finding a second bomb."
Mizell's advice to first responders - what he calls "double-bomb protocol":
- Teams searching for a bomb should work in concentric circles outward from the wounded
- If manpower allows, another team should concurrently identify likely high-threat second-bomb containers outside these circles, such as lone parked cars, suspicious individuals, and trash cans
- The wounded and attending first responders should be protected by portable barriers that have been determined bomb free, such as police cars and ambulances if possible - however, remember that terrorists have planted secondary bombs to a site by hiding them in ambulances
- Be aware: terrorists have studied evacuation procedures and exploited them in the past
Our LE agencies are aware of the threat, and at least once a year, the FBI issues a bulletin concerning the use of secondary devices and stressing caution when arriving at the scene of an attack. NYPD and LAPD have trained for such an event, especially in light of the catastrophic loss of life to first responders on 9/11.
We must incorporate this terrorist and criminal tactic into our training now! Similar to other counter-intuitive procedures -like recovering a vehicle that is sliding on an icy road or spinning out of control on the highway - training will override instinct and possibly save your life.
Mizell info
LAPD info
Friday, April 30, 2010
Monday, April 26, 2010
London's 7/7 Attacks: What Can We Learn?
The families of the 52 killed and 700 injured in the "7/7" attacks in London on July 7, 2005 want to know if the government could have taken any steps to prevent the al Qaeda terrorist operation. A 3 day hearing started this morning in London as the courts decide whether a formal inquest process is warranted.
This is a good time to review the 7/7 bombing and lessons learned:
1) The bombs were organic, peroxide based devices packed in rucksacks.
Easy to transport, basically undetectable. The men casually walked through stores, on concourses, and through turnstiles prior to boarding trains.
2) The bombings happened between 0845-0945 - peak rush hour.
Terrorists will strike cities at the heart of rush hour. The Chechen Widows recently struck the Moscow subway at 0800.
3) Three bombs exploded within fifty seconds of each other on three London Underground trains. One hour later, across town, a bomb exploded on a double decker bus.
Simultaneity is a hallmark of al Qaeda (and splinter group) operations. Attacks will push first response capabilities to the brink. We must train for worst case scenarios -- multiple scenes with hundreds of dead and walking wounded, maxing out hospital bed space, forcing activation of shelters and mutual response plans. We should train like we will have to fight - at rush hour, in the thick of commuters and crowds.
4) 17 of the 52 victims did not immediately die of their injuries, and one was alive for almost 45 minutes.
First response was hindered by chaos at street level, and communication and coordination problems between first responders. Not enough law enforcement was sent to the scenes to gain control. This was almost shocking for a city that has been attacked multiple times by the IRA, Incompatible equipment was an issue - this good reminder to ensure agencies coordinate upgrades to comm systems such as radios. I regularly encountered this issue in the military - purchases made independently, then inability to connect. One comm solution, necessary to allow first response from two bases a mere 5 miles apart to connect on radios during an emergency, was $1M.
5) The extensive use of CCTV in London led to immediate actionable intelligence - they were able to identify the men quickly, and within 5 days visited their homes and secured valuable evidence linking them to al Qaeda and leading to 7 more arrests of operatives, fund raisers and clerics. They also carried out controlled detonation of devices at a home and inside a vehicle belonging to one of the men, still parked on a London street.
The prolific use of CCTV in the UK is subject to debate. It is estimated that every citizen there is caught on camera at least 7 times a day. However, in the investigatory process, and to ensure safety to the public, CCTV is an extremely valuable tool in the fight against terror and we should continue to install cameras at key locations and ensure businesses keep theirs in operating order.
6) Two of the 4 bombers had been on MI5's radar for 15 months prior to the attack, Mohammad Sidique Khan and Shehzad Tanweer. Both were suspected al Qaeda operatives. A Syrian cleric warned in March 2004 of a well organized al Qaeda cell in London that would carry out an attack in the city. A Newsweek article published on 17 Nov 04 stated "fears of terror attacks have prompted FBI agents based in the U.S. Embassy in London to avoid traveling on London's popular underground railway". There are persistent rumors that Mossad was given notice of the bombing and the Israeli government contacted London officials the morning of the bombing, no tangible evidence exists.
The inquests will delve into the intelligence gathering prior to the attack. MI5 has already stated that much of this information is too sensitive for release to the public, however the courts may compel them to comply. We should watch the proceedings carefully and learn from any lack of intelligence gathering, sharing or cross organizational analysis.
Bottom line: we should continuously revisit past terrorist attacks to be reminded of the lessons learned and incorporate these into our planning and training. The 7/7 attack was successful, inviting the enemy to attack the same targets, at the same time, in the same manner.
Mohammed Sidique Khan explains his upcoming suicide bombing in this video
Here he says goodbye to his baby girl, says "I love you, but have to do this for your future": video
This is a good time to review the 7/7 bombing and lessons learned:
1) The bombs were organic, peroxide based devices packed in rucksacks.
Easy to transport, basically undetectable. The men casually walked through stores, on concourses, and through turnstiles prior to boarding trains.
2) The bombings happened between 0845-0945 - peak rush hour.
Terrorists will strike cities at the heart of rush hour. The Chechen Widows recently struck the Moscow subway at 0800.
3) Three bombs exploded within fifty seconds of each other on three London Underground trains. One hour later, across town, a bomb exploded on a double decker bus.
Simultaneity is a hallmark of al Qaeda (and splinter group) operations. Attacks will push first response capabilities to the brink. We must train for worst case scenarios -- multiple scenes with hundreds of dead and walking wounded, maxing out hospital bed space, forcing activation of shelters and mutual response plans. We should train like we will have to fight - at rush hour, in the thick of commuters and crowds.
4) 17 of the 52 victims did not immediately die of their injuries, and one was alive for almost 45 minutes.
First response was hindered by chaos at street level, and communication and coordination problems between first responders. Not enough law enforcement was sent to the scenes to gain control. This was almost shocking for a city that has been attacked multiple times by the IRA, Incompatible equipment was an issue - this good reminder to ensure agencies coordinate upgrades to comm systems such as radios. I regularly encountered this issue in the military - purchases made independently, then inability to connect. One comm solution, necessary to allow first response from two bases a mere 5 miles apart to connect on radios during an emergency, was $1M.
5) The extensive use of CCTV in London led to immediate actionable intelligence - they were able to identify the men quickly, and within 5 days visited their homes and secured valuable evidence linking them to al Qaeda and leading to 7 more arrests of operatives, fund raisers and clerics. They also carried out controlled detonation of devices at a home and inside a vehicle belonging to one of the men, still parked on a London street.
The prolific use of CCTV in the UK is subject to debate. It is estimated that every citizen there is caught on camera at least 7 times a day. However, in the investigatory process, and to ensure safety to the public, CCTV is an extremely valuable tool in the fight against terror and we should continue to install cameras at key locations and ensure businesses keep theirs in operating order.
6) Two of the 4 bombers had been on MI5's radar for 15 months prior to the attack, Mohammad Sidique Khan and Shehzad Tanweer. Both were suspected al Qaeda operatives. A Syrian cleric warned in March 2004 of a well organized al Qaeda cell in London that would carry out an attack in the city. A Newsweek article published on 17 Nov 04 stated "fears of terror attacks have prompted FBI agents based in the U.S. Embassy in London to avoid traveling on London's popular underground railway". There are persistent rumors that Mossad was given notice of the bombing and the Israeli government contacted London officials the morning of the bombing, no tangible evidence exists.
The inquests will delve into the intelligence gathering prior to the attack. MI5 has already stated that much of this information is too sensitive for release to the public, however the courts may compel them to comply. We should watch the proceedings carefully and learn from any lack of intelligence gathering, sharing or cross organizational analysis.
Bottom line: we should continuously revisit past terrorist attacks to be reminded of the lessons learned and incorporate these into our planning and training. The 7/7 attack was successful, inviting the enemy to attack the same targets, at the same time, in the same manner.
Mohammed Sidique Khan explains his upcoming suicide bombing in this video
Here he says goodbye to his baby girl, says "I love you, but have to do this for your future": video
Friday, April 23, 2010
Eleven Somali Pirates Arrive in Norfolk, Awaiting Trial
Somali pirates involved in attacks against U.S. Navy ships have been extradited and now sit in the Navy brig in Norfolk, awaiting trial. The men were charged today with piracy, attacks to plunder a vessel, assault with a dangerous weapon and use of a firearm in a crime.
Five of the men were captured March 31 after an exchange of fire with the frigate USS Nicholas, while the six others were seized after shooting at the USS Ashland earlier this month.
U.S. Code, Title 18, Chapter 81 covers piracy laws. A quick scan of the applicable sections shows the sentence is life in prison..."Whoever, on the high seas, commits the crime of piracy as defined by the law of nations, and is afterwards brought into or found in the United States, shall be imprisoned for life.”
A second section states, “Whoever, being a citizen or subject of any foreign state, is found and taken on the sea making war upon the United States, or cruising against the vessels and property thereof… is a pirate, and shall be imprisoned for life.”
Until recently, Kenya was prosecuting piracy cases, however announced a few weeks back they would no longer do so. This opened the door for the U.S. to extradite the 11 men and try them here. Germany is also set to prosecute 10 Somali men who attempted to seize a German ship a few weeks ago.
Interesting, the only surviving pirate of the USS Maersk hijacking last year, Abduwali Abdukhadir Muse, is also in the U.S. awaiting trial. Some issues with the evidence collected in his case, and his age at the time of the piracy act may ultimately lead to a plea bargain.
Pirate attacks are down in the first half of this year, but they still reap millions in the resale of captured cargo or through ransom paid by nations. Saudi Arabia paid nearly $4M in ransom early last year for the release of a super tanker, although several of the pirates drowned when trying to swim with the cash from the tanker to their escape boats.
A growing concern in the region: some reports indicate al Shabaab, the Somali-based terrorist group now aligned with al Qaeda, may also be exacting a percentage of profits from the piracy.
Sunday, April 18, 2010
Wake Up Call (Again) - Threat of Terrorists Obtaining/Building/Employing Nuclear Weapons a Reality
The United States again reasserted itself as the world's police last week, leading the way to secure thousands of pounds of fissile materials that could be used to build nuclear weapons such as dirty bombs. Countries around the world have agreed to identify, secure and convert this material before it falls into the hands of criminal gangs that would gladly sell to the highest bidder.
Point #1 - Do not underestimate the sophistication of a terrorist group. We've routinely done that as a nation, and the consequences were deadly on 9/11. al Qaeda could certainly have the right people on the "payroll" - scientists, engineers, technical experts - infused with the radical Islamist ideology and ready to help the cause.
Point #2 - Do not underestimate the finances of terrorist groups. Many are engaged narcotrafficking, where millions of dollars trade hands daily.
Point #3 - Despite the best detection efforts at airports and in major cities, highly enriched uranium could easily be transported and smuggled. Expert Graham Allison (author of "Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe) says it takes only about 35 pounds (roughly the size of a grapefruit) of highly enriched uranium to make a nuclear bomb. This amount of material is easily transportable and could be smuggled along established trafficking routes by highly paid "mules".
Point #1 - Do not underestimate the sophistication of a terrorist group. We've routinely done that as a nation, and the consequences were deadly on 9/11. al Qaeda could certainly have the right people on the "payroll" - scientists, engineers, technical experts - infused with the radical Islamist ideology and ready to help the cause.
Point #2 - Do not underestimate the finances of terrorist groups. Many are engaged narcotrafficking, where millions of dollars trade hands daily.
Point #3 - Despite the best detection efforts at airports and in major cities, highly enriched uranium could easily be transported and smuggled. Expert Graham Allison (author of "Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe) says it takes only about 35 pounds (roughly the size of a grapefruit) of highly enriched uranium to make a nuclear bomb. This amount of material is easily transportable and could be smuggled along established trafficking routes by highly paid "mules".
Point #4 - On the subject of dirty bombs - the materials needed, like medical isotopes might be pretty easily obtained, and it is true they alone would not yield much radiation. The main issue with a dirty bomb would be the blast itself...unless the some relatively high-grade uranium was employed. Then a dirty bomb would not only have immediate, but long lasting radiation effects at the point of detonation.
Point #5 - We've already seen a dirty bomb built by terrorists and "employable", in fact it happened over 15 years ago. In 1995, a conventional bomb containing radioactive cesium was found in Ismailovsky Park in Moscow, planted by Chechen rebels. They planted a similar bomb again in 1998. Both times, the rebels alerted law enforcement and the weapon was not detonated. However, they achieved one of the main goals of terrorism - causing fear among the populace.
The bottom line is the terrorists only need to threaten to use a nuclear weapon to heighten fear and panic among Americans. We have already expended billions chasing "suitcase" nukes, which are said to exist, are missing, and possibly in the hands of al Qaeda. We still don't have a definitive answer, but the enemy forced us down that path, which naturally we must follow since it is a fight we can't afford to lose.
Or terrorists could detonate a conventional weapon or IED, then send a tape to news media stating it was a nuclear weapon. The panicked reaction from our uneducated populace (our fault by keeping them in the dark) would be overwhelming and it would take days for the government to convince citizens there was no nuclear material involved in the blast. Depending on where this event occurred, for instance Wall Street, the resulting economic damage could be grave.
We have a problem with the American public that our government has unwillingly created. First of all, there is an over reliance by the public on law enforcement, the military and first responders to take care of them --as witnessed in the hurricane events a few years back. These agencies are resource constrained and would be unable to fully take care of the public in the event of a nuclear emergency, but admitting this would be a sign of weakness.
Next, we have not fully educated the public on the threat which is present, and looms larger than ever because these are not nation state actors, these are asymmetric actors with apocalyptic agendas.
Finally, we have not educated the public on how to take care of themselves, family, work colleagues, etc during and after the event. Actually, we Americans know less now about the nuclear threat and related facts than previous generations! Remember the bomb shelter signs on buildings? People keeping water, canned food, can openers, radios with batteries, etc in a safe place at home that would serve as a shelter for the family? Even though this is our profession, we are probably all guilty of not being fully prepared ourselves.
Studies have proven that a person who is educated before a crisis is less fearful. Armed with knowledge, they feel more in control. They can DO something, not just wait for help. I am reminded of the man who was trapped in the rubble in the hotel in Haiti with a severe leg injury. He had recently downloaded a first aid application on his i-pod and while trapped, he used that information to treat his injury and not bleed to death, or go into shock. It probably also increased his confidence, will to live and to find a way to get himself out of the situation, not just wait for help. And die waiting.
I hope Americans were listening last week when our President and many other Heads of State articulated the nuclear threat by terrorists, but I sincerely doubt it. We should have followed up this news with a huge DHS-led education campaign on nuclear weapons - what they are, the effects, how to prepare and what to do in the event of an attack. Why are we afraid to have this frank discussion with our citizens? We can all do our part by continuing to spread the facts about this threat, and educate (arm) our colleagues, families and friends
I'd also like to take this opportunity to say thank you to all those behind the scenes - the unsung heroes who keep us safe from this threat everyday.
Friday, April 16, 2010
The "McVeigh Tapes"
On Monday, 19 Apr, from 9-11PM EST, MSNBC will air an insightful documentary, "McVeigh Tapes". The documentary is derived from 40 hours of taped interviews with Timothy McVeigh by reporters Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck from the Buffalo News (McVeigh's hometown newspaper).
McVeigh never went on record with anyone else, and these are the only tapes in existence where he explains his motivation for carrying out the April 19, 1995 bombing in Oklahoma City, killing 168 innocent citizens, including 19 children under the age of 6. Children which McVeigh later labeled "collateral damage."
Michele and Horbeck used these tapes to write the book "American Terrorist", which was an authorized biography of McVeigh published in 2001. They also interviewed 150 people associated with McVeigh at the various stages of his life, attempting to make sense of his actions. The book doesn't really arrive at any conclusions, but does provide a good look into the mind of a domestic terrorist who had formerly taken an oath to protect and defend the very people and country he brutally attacked.
The tapes are very interesting (and chilling). If you want a sneak preview, check out this site:
MSNBC
McVeigh never went on record with anyone else, and these are the only tapes in existence where he explains his motivation for carrying out the April 19, 1995 bombing in Oklahoma City, killing 168 innocent citizens, including 19 children under the age of 6. Children which McVeigh later labeled "collateral damage."
Michele and Horbeck used these tapes to write the book "American Terrorist", which was an authorized biography of McVeigh published in 2001. They also interviewed 150 people associated with McVeigh at the various stages of his life, attempting to make sense of his actions. The book doesn't really arrive at any conclusions, but does provide a good look into the mind of a domestic terrorist who had formerly taken an oath to protect and defend the very people and country he brutally attacked.
The tapes are very interesting (and chilling). If you want a sneak preview, check out this site:
MSNBC
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
The Smoking, Joking Diplomat: Who Was He Visiting in Denver?
Mohammed al-Madadi is the diplomat from Qatar that decided to smoke in the restroom on a flight en route from Reagan National to Denver last Wednesday. It is unclear whether he really made the comment about lighting his shoes on fire, or putting out his cigarette with his shoe, but the Air Marshals certainly made the right decision by detaining him. I believe there are still carriers that allow smoking on certain routes in the Middle East, so perhaps Mr. al-Madadi wasn't used to flying domestically on a U.S. flagged carrier or didn't understand how seriously we take the no smoking laws on flights.
Much more interesting - where was Mr. al-Madadi going? He was headed to the Supermax facility outside of Denver to visit Ali Al-Marri, a Qatari citizen serving a jail term for conspiring to support terrorism.
Al-Marri arrived in the U.S. the day before 9/11. When he was detained for using stolen credit card numbers later that year, officials found information on his computer regarding U.S. chemical plants and bin Laden. They feared he might be part of a "second wave" of attacks and detained him at the Charleston Brig for 5 years, most of it in solitary confinement. Prior to his 2007 trial for credit card fraud, then President Bush charged him as an enemy combatant. Early last year, the new administration pulled those charges and remanded him back to the civilian court system. He pleaded guilty to the credit card fraud, plus the following:
- Training in al Qaeda military camps in Afghanistan between 1998-2001.
We have people serving in prison longer for white collar crimes than a confessed terrorist--would be interested to hear your thoughts on this issue!
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20002094-503543.html
Much more interesting - where was Mr. al-Madadi going? He was headed to the Supermax facility outside of Denver to visit Ali Al-Marri, a Qatari citizen serving a jail term for conspiring to support terrorism.
Al-Marri arrived in the U.S. the day before 9/11. When he was detained for using stolen credit card numbers later that year, officials found information on his computer regarding U.S. chemical plants and bin Laden. They feared he might be part of a "second wave" of attacks and detained him at the Charleston Brig for 5 years, most of it in solitary confinement. Prior to his 2007 trial for credit card fraud, then President Bush charged him as an enemy combatant. Early last year, the new administration pulled those charges and remanded him back to the civilian court system. He pleaded guilty to the credit card fraud, plus the following:
- Training in al Qaeda military camps in Afghanistan between 1998-2001.
- Meeting chief Sept. 11 planner Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and agreeing to be deployed to the U.S. by Sept. 10, 2001 (the day he entered the country with his family).
-Meeting in Dubai, UAE, with 9/11 financier Mustafa al-Hawsawi and receiving $10,000 from him.
-Researching, while in America in the fall of 2001, the use of chemical weapons, where to get chemicals such as sulfuric acid and precursors for cyanide gas, and potential targets such as dams and tunnels.
-Establishing a fictitious business using a false name using stolen Social Security number (ostensibly to purchase the chemicals, which never occurred).
-Communicating in code with five different e-mail accounts, referring to himself as "Abdo" and to KSM as "Muk." (FBI investigators learned from their pre-CIA torturing interviews of Abu Zubaydah in 2002 that KSM was known to all as "Muktar," and that he/KSM/Muktar had been the primary planner of 9/11).
-Adopting the nomme de guerre "Abdul-Rahman al-Qatari" and providing al-Qaeda with his family contact information in case he was killed or "martyred" during an al-Qaeda mission.
Here is the jaw-dropping part of this story: Al Marri was given the maximum sentence possible for the credit card fraud and conspiring to commit terrorism - a mere 15 years. With his 8 years already served, he will be back in circulation in 2017.We have people serving in prison longer for white collar crimes than a confessed terrorist--would be interested to hear your thoughts on this issue!
http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20002094-503543.html
Sunday, April 11, 2010
Online al Qaeda Magazine Muses About Threat to 12 June U.S. World Cup Match
An online al Qaeda magazine called Al-Mushtaqun ila al-Janna, or "Yearners for Paradise" recently posted an article saying how "beautiful" it would be for a bomb to explode during the 12 June World Cup match between England and the U.S. in South Africa.
“The game … is broadcast live. The stadium is full of a Crusader audience while the sound of a blast shocks the stands and turns the stadium on its head. God willing, there will [be] dozens and hundreds of casualties. 50 grams alone are sufficient for such an operation."
“All the inspection barriers and the x-ray screening machines the U.S. may send after reading this article will not bring about the discovery of the manner in which these explosives will be brought into the stadium, for a simple reason that will be made known at the appropriate time.”
Of course security will be increased to match the threat, but isn't this exactly what the enemy wants -- to incite fear and force the expenditure of resources to counter a threat they probably can't pull off?
This psychological warfare at its finest. We shouldn't give this type of rhetoric any press at all -- just let the silent professionals go about the business of ensuring tight security, and the day will most likely pass without incident.
Thursday, April 1, 2010
Spring Break
Dear Readers:
Thank you so much for your support over the last few months! I've had over 3,500 unique visitors, from 71 different countries. Thanks, as well to my colleagues at www.nationalterroralert.com for carrying some of my articles, and for all those who twitter, facebook and otherwise spread the news about the blog. If we can save one life, prevent one tragic event or put a puzzle piece in the right place, then all of my efforts have been worthwhile. At the very least, I hope I've planted some new thoughts and ideas. I've had some great feedback from the field, which is my target audience -- the unsung heroes out there doing the heavy lifting.
I will take a break from blogging over the next week while enjoying the great state of Hawaii. This is a business/pleasure trip - on 8 Apr, I will have the honor of addressing the FBI National Academy Associates Hawaii Chapter Retrainer event. While I am away, you could go back read some of my older blogs, they are all still timely and relevant.
Please bookmark the blog if you haven't done so already - it will put a placemarker in your tool bar and you can easily see if I've posted something new. Be back here on/about 12 April!
Happy Easter and be safe - Jenni
Thank you so much for your support over the last few months! I've had over 3,500 unique visitors, from 71 different countries. Thanks, as well to my colleagues at www.nationalterroralert.com for carrying some of my articles, and for all those who twitter, facebook and otherwise spread the news about the blog. If we can save one life, prevent one tragic event or put a puzzle piece in the right place, then all of my efforts have been worthwhile. At the very least, I hope I've planted some new thoughts and ideas. I've had some great feedback from the field, which is my target audience -- the unsung heroes out there doing the heavy lifting.
I will take a break from blogging over the next week while enjoying the great state of Hawaii. This is a business/pleasure trip - on 8 Apr, I will have the honor of addressing the FBI National Academy Associates Hawaii Chapter Retrainer event. While I am away, you could go back read some of my older blogs, they are all still timely and relevant.
Please bookmark the blog if you haven't done so already - it will put a placemarker in your tool bar and you can easily see if I've posted something new. Be back here on/about 12 April!
Happy Easter and be safe - Jenni
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